Create an Innovation

Advancement Is the way toward interpreting an Idea or development Into a decent or administration that makes esteem or for which clients will pay (www. Observationally. Com, 2014). † In this paper, the distinguishing proof of an advancement, and plan for actualizing the development, in the present work environment that I am working for, will be portrayed in full detail. The imaginative item that will be Introduced to the working environment Is known as the â€Å"Freedom walker. What number of Individuals become weary of scheduling during unequaled at a desk?Another grievance that is heard, regularly inside the associations is, â€Å"l am overweight and I don't have the opportunity to make it to the exercise center. † Well, presently here is the ideal arrangement. Opportunity Walker will offer Individuals the chance to either, stay situated at the work area while working or they can decided to get up and start to practice at the pace they feel generally great. The top no tch item will be made to last and it will give representatives the opportunity of practicing while at the same time working (Treadles, 2014). Opportunity Walker Is going to exclusively be Intended to run in moderate speeds.One of the extraordinary things about this item is not normal for ordinary treadmills. He Freedom Walker won't overheat (Treadles. 2014). For which, giving people a boundless measure of time to be on the treadmill while working. The control board can be set on every representative's work area. What's more, will have a 10-inch string associated with the board and the Freedom Walker. On the control board, workers will have the option to perceive to what extent they have been strolling. The worker will likewise have the option to monitor the measure of calories that are being misfortune with the opportunity walker.The Freedom Walker will likewise have an appended Emergency string that all people who utilize this item should wear while in real life. The Emergency rope Is if there should arise an occurrence of any crisis, the worker will have the option to stop the machine The Freedom Walker likewise accompanies a solid elastic tangle that ought to be set on the track, to diminish the sound and maintain a strategic distance from interruption (Treadles, 2014). The speed of this item won't go over 4. 0 MPH (Treadles, 2014). The explanation that the machine won't go over the speed of 4. Is to evade interruptions on the telephone with clients, for example, loss of breath or Incorrect sentence structure spelling on the PC on account of not having the option to think. For wellbeing of every worker, the throbbing is constrained to 4. 0 MPH. The Freedom Walker won't have a lot of get together required. The control board is associated with the treadmill, Just essentially interface the ‘OFF The structure will start with the CEO and upper administration, and afterward will obviously go down the rundown for every person inside the organization.It is a demonstrated truth that the heftiness rate inside the United States has dramatically increased in grown-ups and youngsters since backtalk's (Food Research and Action Center, 2014). The main general medical issue inside the United States is weight (Food Research and Action Center, 2014). With no separation, most of the representatives inside the association that this inventive thought will be actualized in, are overweight. The following is the diagram from the Food Research and Action Report that shows the rates of every ethnicity and at what rate they are overweight.How would it be able to be conceivable that a Health insurance agency is selling protection, however have the representatives unfortunate and overweight? There will be a week after week objective that every individual will work out for oneself when utilizing the Freedom Walker. The association should see some kind of progress in all representatives. In the event that, there is no improvement seen flimsy a little while, a t that point disciplinary activity will be authorized. Once there is improvement seen, that is the point at which the association will start to offer motivating forces. The impetus that is destined to be conceded is that the organization will pay for half, of every people medical coverage premium.This could ensure achievement, particularly now and days that medical coverage premiums are so costly. The effect that this inventive procedure will have inside the association will be intense. This won't just assistance the representatives yet will help the clients also. The development procedure, will permit representatives to take remain about delayed sitting. Scientist propose that drawn out sitting is terrible for one's wellbeing (Neoprene, 2013). There have been researchers that contrast delayed sitting with smoking (Neoprene, 2013).The Freedom Walker should assist each individual start with feeling fit and start to have an increasingly inspirational disposition (Neoprene, 2013). This adjustment in disposition and in oneself, development process will be a gradual advancement. As expressed over the procedure will start with the CEO and upper administration. When the change is found in hose zones, at that point the procedure will start to stream down the command hierarchy as it has been heard. In this way, as the article states by the gradual development page, â€Å"Slow and Steady Wins the Race (Innovation Management Community for Practitioners, 2014). Gradual change isn't tied in with rolling out an improvement happen in a split second (Innovation Management Community for Practitioners, 2014). â€Å"The reason gradual advancement is so famous, is on the grounds that it has decreased hazard in contrast with radical development (Innovation Management Community for Practitioners, 2014). † Furthermore, when an equines has a produced decent fully operational it will in general have developed considerable measure of human capital and capabilities so the busine ss should devote time to making it better or decreasing costs (Innovation Management Community for Practitioners, 2014).Four Stages of the Research Cycle There will be seven stages to the advancement procedure and they are 1 . Thinking, 2. Portfolio Management and Metrics, 3. Examination 4. Knowledge, 5. Advancement Development, 6. Advertising Development, 7. Selling (Morris, 2013). The way that the development will be estimated will be â€Å"R&D Impact = Gross Margin/R&D Spend †This is a â€Å"old† Bill Hewlett and David Packard metric they used to ensure appropriate return for the R&D exertion being contributed (McKinney, 2010). † â€Å"Why net edge, one would inquire? McKinney, 2010)† â€Å"The supposition that will be that in the event that you collect a superior mouse trap, the client will remunerate you with an edge premium which will appear in net edge (McKinney, 2010). † â€Å"Target: Assess your rivals and you need to be in top quartile (McKinney, 2010). † Innovation requires some serious energy and commitment. All together for an organization to be effective in the execution of an advancement there should be, a ton of examination and date corded. An inventive thought can't Just be something that somebody raises and it happens.There must be correlations with different items and reports demonstrating the business/association why that imaginative thought would be superior to some other thought. The Freedom Walker would be an extraordinary creative thought since it would help spare the lives of numerous individuals who might be battle with medical problems because of weight issues. I accept that not exclusively should the organization that I am right now working for, utilize the creative thought, yet that all organizations that have client assistance agents. Client Services Representatives are ordered to sit at their work area for 8-10 hours per day without being permitted to move from the chair.Product ion and quality is something that is meant something negative for the people who do move from his/her seat, which at that point causes disciplinary activity. This is a demonstration that is heartless and I accept that something ought to be done about it. Along these lines, everybody that has a business with CARS and Data Reps. Let attempt Freedom Walker and lets perceive how incredible of an effect it will have on the organization as well as on the representatives also. References adolescence and grown-up heftiness in the United States. Diary of the American Medical Association, 8(31 1), 806-814. Food Research and Action Center. 2014). Overweight and Obesity in the U. S.. Recovered from a far distance. Organization/activities/yearning and-corpulence/heftiness in-the-us/Innovation Management Community for Practitioners. (2014). Gradual Innovation. Recovered from http://www. Unconventionality's. Com/steady advancement/gradual development versus.- radical-development McKinney, P. (2010 ). Would you be able to gauge the effect for advancement. Recovered from philharmonic. Com. Documents/2010/02/can-you-measure-the-sway from-development. HTML Morris, L. (2013). Instructions to Innovate: The Innovation Process.Retrieved from http://www. Earthy people. SE. /2013/08/08/how-t()- develop the-advancement process Neoprene, L. (2013). Stay standing for Better Health? Perhaps Not. Better-wellbeing possibly not/Reynolds, G. (2011). Reconsidering the Exercise â€Å"Talk Test†. Recovered from well. Masses. Whenever. Com/2011109/21 [rethinking-the-activity talk-test/? _pH=true=blogs=o Treadles. (2014). Recovered from http://www. Treadles. Com/items/www. Generalizations. Com. (2014). Development. Recovered from http://www. Typifications. Com/definition/development. HTML

Case study analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Contextual analysis investigation - Essay Example The report likewise envelops a SWOT investigation of Netflix alongside suggestions for future turn of events. The film rental and gushing industry offers motion pictures and spilling recordings to clients at a month to month charge. Throughout the years, this industry has developed essentially, with clients spending expanding sums on record and gushing administrations. As indicated by Snider (2014) spending on computerized video content expanded by over 30% in 2013 in examination with the earlier year. Snider (2014) likewise been referenced that, with the ascent in notoriety of spilling content, the DVD rental assistance is step by step declining. Over the previous year, it has dropped by 9% and is anticipated to continue falling in the coming years. The film rental and gushing industry is portrayed by the nearness of a few entrenched brands other than Netflix, for example, Hulu, Amazon prime, HBO Go, Vudu, Apple TV, among others (Donfro, 2014). These organizations contend among one another to pick up the most extreme conceivable number of endorsers by offering higher incentives and, among all the contenders; Netflix has figured out how to pull in the most noteworthy piece of the pie. One of the key drivers of the film rental and gushing industry is the developing prominence of the web based spilling administrations. The consistent increment in the utilization of rapid internet providers has made it simpler for clients to stream their preferred film or TV arrangement during a period based on their very own preference. Also, another key driver for the development of the business is the inexorably feverish way of life of the individuals, which leaves scarcely whenever to get a film in theaters and watch a TV appear at explicit airing time (Marketline, 2014). In this way, the video and film spilling administration has increased tremendous ubiquity as its administrations permit clients to watch motion pictures and TV appears whenever the timing is ideal. In addition, innovative headway has additionally permitted

Ways to Strengthen a Marriage and Avoid Divorce

Ways to Strengthen a Marriage and Avoid Divorce Relationships Spouses & Partners Print 13 Ways to Strengthen a Marriage and Avoid Divorce By Wayne Parker Waynes background in life coaching along with his work helping organizations to build family-friendly policies, gives him a unique perspective on fathering. Learn about our editorial policy Wayne Parker Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Carly Snyder, MD on January 29, 2020 facebook twitter linkedin Carly Snyder, MD is a reproductive and perinatal psychiatrist who combines traditional psychiatry with integrative medicine-based treatments.   Learn about our Medical Review Board Carly Snyder, MD Updated on February 13, 2020 Dimitri Otis/Taxi/Getty Images More in Relationships Spouses & Partners Marital Problems LGBTQ Violence and Abuse Its no secret that it takes work to protect, nurture, and grow a marriage. Between work schedules, children, and other obligations, sometimes it can seem impossible to maintain that partnership. And when problems arise, for some couples its healthier to divorce and go your separate ways, while for others, its a better choice to work on your relationship. If you want to stay with your partner but navigate the bumps in the road, there are proactive measuresâ€"from improving communication to infusing more romance in day-to-day lifeâ€"you can take to prevent divorce. Here are 13 ways to improve your partnership. Rule Out the Idea of Divorce Just toying with the idea that you might be better off outside of the marriage can put a major strain on the relationship, even if you never voice those thoughts. In fact, that thought alone can cause a major break in your motivation to make the marriage better. To combat this risk to your marriage, decide ahead of time that divorce is not an option. Making this commitment will help you focus on how you can make the marriage better and stronger, rather than thinking about what life might be like outside the marriage. Honor and Respect Your Partner People inevitably change over time and understanding, appreciating, and adapting to those changes is critical. To help remind yourself of the wonderful person you married, make a list of his or her best qualities. This exercise will help you remember why you fell in love in the first place. It also helps to vocalize how much you appreciate your partners quirks and eccentricities. Let your partner know every dayâ€"through compliments or thank yousâ€"that you appreciate all that he or she does. These little expressions are like deposits in the bank. You dont want to make withdrawals from your marriage without ever making any deposits. So, be sure you are doing things that honor your partner for who he or she is. Communicate Regularly In the age of smartphones, Netflix, and work-from-home lifestyles, its easy to get distracted and go days without having a real conversation with your spouse. Communicating openly about your life, interests, dreams, frustrations, and feelings is an important way to foster intimacy in a relationship. Likewise, its crucial that you listen to your partner voice his or her thoughts, too. Sometimes its helpful to set aside 30 minutes each day without interruptions where you can talk without any distractions. Share Financial Expectations and Budgets Many marriages are fraught with disagreements over finances. Often couples bring different expectations about money to a relationship and find it difficult to see the other persons perspective. Coming to an agreement on how to handle money together is a critical component of successful marriages. Agree on a budget  and an approach to debt and then live within your limits. For some, its important to differentiate between a need and a want. While both are legitimate, couples face problems if they try to fulfill all their wants without considering their budget. Likewise, its important to incorporate some flexibility in your budget to allow for entertainment, gifts, vacations, and other activities that help strengthen the marriage. Give Each Other Space One of the hardest things to balance in a marriage is the right amount of time to spend together. Too much can feel like smothering while too little can be interpreted as inattentive. So, when your partner needs space or a night out with friends, offer to watch the kids or run the errands so he or she can easily get that time. Its also important that you make time to spend with your partner. If babysitting issues or financial constraints make that difficult, plan a fun, cost-effective date night at home. The key is that you both are making a concerted effort to spend quality time together but allowing one another the space to have an outside community as well. Ditch the Sweatpants Its easy to get into a routine of being overly casual, especially if youve been with your partner for many years. But an easy way to rekindle romance is to think back to those early days of datingâ€"preparing for date night with an at-home manicure, getting a fresh shave and haircut, or choosing a fun outfit. And while that may sound superficial, there are other ways to remind yourself just how attractive and energized you are. Keeping up with your physical fitness boosts confidence and well-being, and can double as a way to spend time with your partner, whether its taking a new workout class, training for a 5K, or prepping healthy meals together on Sundays. Keep Up the Courting Another way to keep the flame burning in a marriage is to continue courting your spouse. Make time for a date night every week, even if its to get ice cream or cook a new recipe together. If money is a concern, trade babysitting with another couple, or put the baby in a stroller and walk around the mall or go to the park. It also helps to continue doing the things you did when you were dating. Leave your partner little love notes where he or she will find them. Make them coffee in the morning. Buy their favorite snack at the grocery store. Many couples report that these types of small gestures help them feel like newlyweds. Forgive Quickly Often marriages begin to fall apart when one person holds a grudge. In fact, research has shown that feeling contempt toward your partner almost always festers and can lead to divorce if its never resolved. As a result, try to forgive your partner as quickly as possible. Remember that forgiveness is just as much a gift you give yourself. Holding a grudge takes up mental and emotional space and almost always impacts your health and stress levels. Opt for a forgiving spirit and reap the positive benefits, which range from better sleep to stress relief. And, if you have wronged your partner in some way, be sure to sincerely apologize and ask for forgiveness. Truly listen to what your partner has to say and why he or she is upset to understand how to do things differently in the future. Dont Try to Control Your Partner   Give your spouse room to be the person he or she is and learn to collaborate on decisions. In healthy marriages, both partners have mutual respect for one another and dont demand their own way. They also give their spouse the freedom to come and go without having to ask permission. They dont monitor or control one another. Be sure youre collaborating with your partner on any big decisions, from spending to raising children. Partners who try to control one another often become emotionally abusive or display signs of financial abuse, which frequently leads to divorce. Get Help Before Its Too Late If youre still having challenges or you fear that divorce might be imminent, consider counseling or couples therapy. Often your or your partners workplace will have access to an employee assistance program (EAP), where you can receive some initial help or get a referral. You also could consider meeting with a trusted religious leader if you share faith and then move beyond that if needed. How to Know if You Need Marriage Counseling A Word From Verywell Navigating issues in a marriage can be extremely challenging. In order to persevere and to prevent divorce, it takes both partners to do the work and put in the time. And while the goal is to save the relationship, ultimately, you have to decide if staying together is the right choice for you. If youre unsure what to do, talk to loved ones or a therapist who can help you better understand your situation.

The Cipollone Vs. Liggett Group, Inc. Case Against Three...

- Introduction thesis In the Cipollone vs. Liggett Group, Inc. court case against three tobacco companies, Antonio Cipollone, a husband sued three tobacco companies for the death of his wife, Rose Cipollone, due to lung cancer. Mr. Cipollone claims that the tobacco companies had failed to inform his wife of the risks that came with smoking. The jury agreed that the tobacco companies had failed to warn smokers of the dangers prior to 1966. â€Å"The jury also found that Mrs. Cipollone had voluntarily and unreasonably encountered a known danger by smoking cigarettes and that this conduct by Mrs. Cipollone proximately caused her lung cancer and death† (CIPOLLONE v. LIGGETT GROUP, INC†). It was decided to appoint 80% of the blame to Mrs. Cipollone and 20% to the tobacco companies for the failure to warn consumers about the risks of smoking (CIPOLLONE v. LIGGETT GROUP, INC†). The issue concerning tobacco companies and whether or not these companies should be held responsible for smoking-r elated illness and deaths has been highly controversial throughout history. Tobacco companies do warn their consumers concerning the negative effects resulting from tobacco consumption, so buyers know what they are risking when they begin consuming tobacco. Despite these companies’ warnings towards the consumers of the dangers, these companies are highly aware of the extreme addiction that comes with the use of their product, making it extremely hard for the consumers to stop using tobacco.

Buy History Papers Online Guide

Buy History Papers Online Guide What to Do About Buy History Papers Online Before It Is Too Late As a consequence, it becomes quite simple to acquire academic papers. What was the reason for the Great Depression. Make certain you are aware of what the paper prompt is asking. A great history paper should have the right dates and events. Purchasing a history paper has never been simpler! History papers can be quite hard to write. They can take a long time to write. World History Research Papers involve an incredible quantity of information. To compose a productive argument essay, you have to be in a position to research a topic and offer solid. If you enjoy the subject of your history essay, you will delight in doing research for it. Consider this issue of the history essay you've already written before. If you would like to compose a great history essay you'd better opt for a topic that is familiar to you. Pay for essay and receive the ideal paper you demand. When it has to do with writing a 5 page essay, you understand that it isn't as simple as it seems. All our essays are certain to be entirely plagiarism-free, and you're welcome to communicate with your writer as they're working on your undertaking. No matter if you're in high school, college, or university, GPALabs will locate a writer that will readily handle your history paper. Writing a research paper about such a substantial moment in the American history can be very advantageous there's already lots of research on the matter. It's absolutely vital that you are conversant with the subject of study. Mainly, you've got to do lots of research and meet frequently with your professor to demonstrate that you're on track. The essay would be correctly researched and will be supplied to the student beforehand so they can see whether there are any revisions required. Make certain you dedicate sufficient time for reviewing and revising your writing. The importance of essay outline in writing process isn't easy to underestimate. History writing assignments may vary widely--and you need to always follow your professor's specific instructions--but the subsequent steps are intended to help no matter what type of history paper you're writing. Vital Pieces of Buy History Papers Online What's more, it is possible to find plenty of sources on the internet. Since you can see, our website is the perfect alternative for students of any academic level. Should you decide to purchase history papers online, you will receive a good product delivered to your email. When it has to do with buying academic papers, plenty of individuals become confused because the variety of writing websites is overwhelming. There's no need to guess the price of your paper. There is a great solution though. It's quick and simple to obtain what you're searching for, and you will have plenty to select from. If you wish to get a term paper on the internet to base your own work on through Ultius, then you're in luck. Buy History Papers Online - Dead or Alive? When you are fighting with your writing assignments, you ought to find options for getting skilled support. When students have to finish a large number of unique assignments in two or three days, they don't believe that the job of writing history papers can be pleasant. In addition to getting a consistent path for managing student papers, there are several other methods you are able to grade papers quickly. Successful papers aren't completed within a moment of genius or inspiration, but are developed over a string of steps. The Birth of Buy History Papers Online A superb history paper needs to be formatted in the proper format. If you have to deal with the question where to purchase term papers on-line or get help with distinctive kinds of educational content material, we've got essayusa reviews now a massive pool of experts in over 50 topics. There isn't any reason not to purchase a history paper online with Essay-Writing-Place! When you must purchase history papers from us, you're developing a durable relationship. It's simple to find a paid essays online. Where to get history essays and other papers also is contingent on the wide range of services. You can be sure your quotations and references are going to be in excellent form. It's possible to easily depend on us to find essay help as we have a tendency to assist and guide the students with the aid of our professional experts.

To Kill a Mockingbird-Mayellas Motives for Accusing Tom Free Essays

In the novel To Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee there is a recurring them involving racism and incest in the town of Maycomb, Alabama during the 1930’s. Mayella Ewell is a nineteen year old girl living at home with her abusive drunk father, and 8 younger brothers and sisters. Her mother died thus leaving her to be the mother figure in the poor household. We will write a custom essay sample on To Kill a Mockingbird-Mayellas Motives for Accusing Tom or any similar topic only for you Order Now Mayella accuses twenty-five year old black man Tom Robinson of raping her. Mayella had multiple motives for falsely accusing Tom Robinson of her rape. Mayella accused Tom because she was forced to by her father, Bob Ewell and because that man is her father. It is made very clear during the trial that it was not Tom Robinson who raped Mayella Ewell, but instead her own father. She blamed Robinson because she was evidently coersed by Bob Ewell. In Tom’s testimony he spoke of Mayella’s actions before Bob Ewell came in, â€Å"She says she never kissed a man before an’ she might as well kiss a nigger. She says what her papa do to her don’t count† (page 260). When Bob saw Mayella and Tom together being the mean drunk he is he beat and raped Mayella. In anger, he knew someone would have to pay for what he saw going on between Tom and Mayella. It was not hard to convince people in a town like Maycomb that Tom was guilty. He was black, he had a criminal record known to the citizens of Maycomb since it was such a small town, and he lived in the same neighborhood as the Ewells. People had most likely seen Tom entering the Ewell home because on more than one occasion, Mayella asked Tom to come in and help do some work around the house. â€Å"She’d call me in, suh. Seemed like every time I passed yonder she’d have some little somethin’ for me to do† (page 56). Mayella was coursed by her own father to accuse Tom because Tom was such an easy target to cover up her father’s actions. Mayella falsely accused Tom Robinson for another reason too. For the most part, victims love their abusers. Mayella is the victim and Bob Ewell is the abuser. Bob Ewell does not do anything productive but regardless he is still Mayella’s provider of many things like a home. Mayella, after being coersed by her father would much rather come off as the victim of abuse my some ‘evil’ black man than her father. â€Å"That nigger yonder took advantage of me an’ if you fine fancy gentlemen don’t wanta do nothin’ about it then ou’re all yellow stinkin’ cowards, stinkin’ cowards, the lot of you† (page 251). Mayella was the one who initiated the incident too so instead of taking responsibility for it she would rather put the blame on a black man who would of course not even have a chance in court. Mayella accused Tom Robinson for rape when in reality it was Bob Ewell, her father. She did this because her father made her do it and because she would much rather blame the black man than admit that she came onto him and that it was actually her father that beat and raped her. How to cite To Kill a Mockingbird-Mayellas Motives for Accusing Tom, Essay examples

Wet Land Management

Wet land is a situation on land where the dominant factor is water and this leads to endowment of the area with unique flora and fauna (Dennison Berry, 1993). Several factors affect the occurrence of wet lands; topography, vegetation, hydrological cycles and type of soil are some of the factors responsible for the establishment of wetlands (Kentula Hairston, 1992).Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Wet Land Management specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Wet land s have statutes that guides their exploitation and activities that are intended to take place within them as far as environmental issues are concerned. Swamps, bogs and marshes constitutes what is referred to as wet land. For Disney World in Florida that wants to exploit the wet land on the pretext that is has reserved another area to make up for the wet land, it might not be transferred directly that because it has an alternative land to offer, it can be warranted the ticket to operate in the wet land. It is known that wetlands serves very important roles in the societies, ranging from ecological matters to educational, there would be an assessment of the contribution of the wetland and that of the land it wants to preserve upon warranted using the wetland. When the viability of the wetland surpasses that of the alternative land, the deal will not be given consent. In an event that the two pieces of land in question have different endangered species, they would be compared in the sense of their environmental and economic importance. This will determine the area with the endangered species not productive ecologically and economically. The other comparison would also be if the endangered species were found in other areas apart from the two areas of concern. Again, the worth of the species would be based on the criteria of the usefulness of the species. In an event, that hurricane destroys the forest, a number of factors should be considered that are in logics with the best environmental statutes. It is a common knowledge that in a forest, not all trees are of the same height and age meaning the whole forest cannot be destroyed. This is because of the succession nature of the forest that brings about a systematic transitional level of trees starting from the non-photosynthetic to angiosperms (Dennison Berry, 1993). With regard to the stated fact, the destroyed trees should be left to decompose in the forest for the natural cycling of the nutrients and flow of energy in ecosystem.Advertising Looking for research paper on environmental studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The decision should be reached because in a forest situation, there are other young plants that are growing and with the fall of the big trees, it exposes the young ones to basic photosynthetic requirement like sunlight that will enable quick growth given the fact that the decomp osing trees will also provide extra nutrient for growth (Kentula Hairston, 1992). This decision to let the fallen trees to decompose without linking them to other commercial activities is indeed entrenched in the environmental law governing forests and other vegetative grounds. The action would help not create the precedent of commercializing timber in the event of natural catastrophe as the case in this scenario. The fact that the timber company wants to not only exploit the fallen trees but also continue cutting the ones they will plant even defies basic environmental laws. It transforms it to a business at the expense of environmental conservation that is the main concern pursued. Reference List Dennison, M. S., Berry, J. F. (1993). Wetlands: Guide to Science,Llaw, and Technology. Cambridge University Press. Print. Kentula, M. E., Hairston, A. J. (1992). Wetlands: An Approach to Improving Decision Making in Wetland Restoration and Creation. Island Press. Print. This research paper on Wet Land Management was written and submitted by user Jenny Andrews to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Same

Same This article tries to answer some pertinent issues about the American families. As such, it seeks to illustrate whom the Americans count as family, identify how the Americans perceive their families, and find the public opinion about the American nontraditional families such as same sex marriages (Powell et al. 17).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Same-sex Relations and Americans’ Definitions of Family specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In the article, the author asserts that currently there are several differing opinions on what counts as families. The author reaffirmed this opinion when he or she interviewed several family members from both heterosexual and homosexual couples. These family groups comprised of a man and a woman living together with children, a man and a woman living together with no children, a man and woman cohabiting, and homosexual couples. According to the article, the American’s def initions of families can be clustered into three groups. These groups are exclusionists, inclusionists, and moderates. It was found that the dissimilarity among these clusters extend beyond their views on same sex marriage. In the article, the author collected a number of respondents about pertinent issues concerning the American families. Through this, it was found that more individuals agreed that a man, wife, and children count as a family. The second living arrangements that had a number of individuals perceiving them as families were single families. Last in the list was housemates followed by homosexual couples with children. To reaffirm on these claims, the author carried out an independent research and consulted existing family literatures. For instance, the author acknowledges that finding consensus among existing definitions was not an easy task. The article notes that there are disagreements among several academicians indicating that the author relied heavily on previous works before coming to his or her conclusions. Equally, the author mentions several authors of other family related books. Among these authors are Berkowitz, Bernstein, Riemann, Holstein, and many more (Powell et al. 18). This indicates that appropriate evidence was provided for conclusions. In general, the article gave a broad overview of the distinctions that Americans make between families and non-families. The conclusions were drawn after analyzing a unique data set of several respondents. Based on this article, it is apparent that there are several perceptions about families in the American society. As such, it was widely agreed that a family constituted of a couple with their children as compared with couples with no children. Similarly, the article asserts that more Americans use cohabitation and homosexuality as a disqualifier for family status. However, it was worth noting that the number of those who acknowledged homosexual couples with their children as families was on th e rise compared to some few years back.Advertising Looking for essay on social sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This implies that these types of families are slowly gaining acceptance among the American population. Based on these findings, it can be deduced that in the future the definitions of the American family will differ from the current definitions. In the future, social constructions based on emotional ties will play a major role in defining the American family. During the classroom sessions, the following questions can guide the students in analyzing the article. Whom do Americans count as family? What is the public opinion about the family? Does public opinion indicate a shift toward greater acceptance of homosexual families? Based on the article, can the attributes of America’s future families be deduced? Do public definitions of family translate into views regarding family policy? Bibliogra phy Powell, Brian, Catherine Bolzendahl, Claudia Geist, and Lala Carr Steelman. Counted Out: Same-sex Relations and Americans Definitions of Family . New York: Russell Sage Foundation, 2012. Print. Same Same sex marriage is a moral issue that has raised controversies in many parts of the world. It is popularity referred to as homosexuality. Homosexuality is a condition in which an individual is sexually attracted to members of his or her gender. In a number of countries, same sex marriage has been legalized while some countries are still opposed to the issue.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Same-sex Couples and Marriage: Causes and Claims specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Homosexuality is perceived as a sexual orientation characterized by romantic or sexual desire towards members of own sex. A gay is a male homosexual while a lesbian is a female homosexual. Scholars of sociology observe that a number of factors cause homosexuality (Gary 21). A study conducted in the US in 1940 concluded that individuals decide to engage in sexual behaviors with members of their own sex because of social and psychological factors. For instance, the early experiences of homosexuality might predispose an individual to homosexual behaviors. Research shows that children who are abused sexuality have high chances of becoming homosexuals. Moreover, poor relationships with parents might force children to engage in homosexuality. Some homosexuals claim that they were born that way meaning that their sexual behavior is influenced by genetics. Some individuals are influenced by friends to become homosexuals while others become homosexuals due to unusual sexual experiences in children, such as excessive masturbation, exposure to pornography, personalized sex, group sex, and bitter experiences in relationships. Cultural factors can as well influence an individual to become a homosexual. Presence of homosexuals in the family can influence young members to follow the same way. In most Asian countries that subscribe to Confucianism, homosexuality is tolerated. Even though homosexuality is considered abnormal in most countries, some countries have legalized same sex marriage. Countries that condemn homosexuality do not crack down on homosexuals, but they have tough laws that prohibit same sex marriage. In some countries such as Uganda and Zimbabwe, homosexuals are perceived as people with low self-esteem and are ranked lower than dogs and pets. Same sex marriage is prepared because heterosexuality is believed to be oppressive to women. Feminist scholars observe that men are always unfair to them in heterosexual relationships. From a human rights perspective, crusaders of homosexuality note that same sex marriage is an individual freedom. Denying individuals to marry partners of their choice amount to discrimination and injustice. In this regard, human rights movements have been pressurizing states to allow homosexuality and same sex marriages (Layte 78). In fact, the UK and the US slapped economic sanctions to countries that will discriminate homosexuals. In the modern society, homosexuals are treated in the same way as other minorities.Advertising Looking for essay on gender studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Since an individual has the right to privacy, same sex marriage should be allowed because grownups should be allowed to practice things that satisfy them. As long as people agree to have consensual sex, the state or society should not interfere. However, the act should always be done in privacy. Some observe that same sex marriage and homosexuality is a human innovation that leads to happiness. Homosexuality is human creativity that can increase happiness among individuals. Since homosexuality is genetic, some scholars note that homosexuals should be allowed to marry. Various studies show that homosexuality is a condition that cannot be controlled. Therefore, allowing homosexuals to marry will be doing justice to them. Even though various groups have raised several claims, many states are reluctant to all ow same sex marriage. Gary, John. Same-sex Couples and the Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual Population: New Estimates from the American Community Survey. New York The Williams Institute on Sexual Orientation Law and Public Policy, 2010. Print. Layte, Rubin. The Irish study of sexual health and relationships. Dublin: Crisis Pregnancy Agency, 2006. Print. Same Introduction Same sex marriage can be defined as that union, which takes place between two people who belong to the same social gender or similar biological sex. On the other hand, the concept gay is used when referring to a person who is a homosexual. The term that is used to refer to homosexuality dates back to the late nineteenth century, but it has been widely made use of in the twentieth century.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Same-Sex Couples Should Enter Into Legally Recognized Unions? specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The term gay can as well be used to refer to those people, especially men and the cultural practices, which are associated to homosexuality. These groups of people share a common characteristic and lifestyle since they are attracted to the individuals of the same sex. Another term that is linked to the concept of homosexuality is lesbian. The term lesbian is used in describing people who have ro mantic and sexual desire among females. Lesbians are women who are sexually attracted to other females. This group of women pursues the freedom of practicing homosexuality. In fact, many people consider the lesbian relationship to be of lesser harm than that of the heterosexuals. The term heterosexual relationship is one that exists between members of different sex, such as a relationship between a man and a woman. The question, debate and politics of same sex marriage have been in the public domain for quite a long time in America. This has seen the emergence of two schools of thought, namely the proponents of same sex marriage who generally include gays and lesbians and their opponents. However, gays and lesbians suffered their biggest blow of all times on the morning of 3rd November, 2004 which saw the reflection of George W Bush and the consequent passage of the anti-gay amendments as wide as eleven states (Mirriam 34). Discussion The bottom line being â€Å"Moral values† (Mirriam 74).The major concern is whether morality and ethical values be enough to discriminate this particular social groups, or should one’s sexual orientation accord hi or her state discrimination whereby the state prohibits to accord any form of recognition to same sex- marriage. Before coming with a clear stand it is important to weigh the extent to which same sex marriage can be considered evil and whether or not they should be accorded. Many opponents of same sex marriage are always concerned with how and where the couples of same sex marriage get their children. One of the most common sources is through the viro-technology that will see a possibility of women renting their womb, or even exchange their ova to create a complex and complicated manner of familiar relation all in an attempt to get babies. This also brings about the controversial question of test- tube babies which is greatly criticized for degrading the value of humanity. Same-sex couples in America engag e in such endevour in an attempt to get their own flesh and blood kids, and this desperate measures can be said to be the cause of their opposition (Cott 57).Advertising Looking for essay on gender studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The gay and lesbian society is considered as a minority. However, the numbers cannot be taken for granted according to the Williams institute at the UCLA Law school there are an estimated 9 million gay and lesbians in America by 2011.This is 3.8%of the American population .with a total of 770,000 couples of same sex already living together (Cott 96). Why should we then formalize their relationship? The problem why many people cannot accept same sex marriage is based on the fact that many define marriage as a legal and religious commitment between a man and a woman thus many are not able to accept same sex marriage Proponents of same sex marriage do argue that the United states const itution clearly states that an individual religious affiliation or lack of it must be at all times protected. By this they attempt to tell of those who see same sex marriage as a sin. Therefore, denying them legal marriage means that their religious freedom is denied as no one should be forced to be part of a particular religious belief. Therefore, they should be allowed (Coontz 974). The proponents of same sex marriage go ahead to argue that nobody should be hurt by the marriage of two people. It is simply a relationship and nobody else’s business as it is a personal commitment and the concerned persons feel that if the church or some particular groups of people do not agree with the act, it is their right to express their dissatisfaction, but not to go ahead and stop it. Marriage is considered to be more than just a status legal it comes with many things that affect the society such as insurance benefits, tax filling status, joint property ownership, and agency law (Coontz 977). Critical medical decision that might need an immediate family member or a spouse to approve denies the same sex marriage the opportunity to be considered as a legal union. This makes the gay or lesbians to be in a difficult situation since it is against the societal norms and cultural values for the same sex proponents to demand some legal recognition. In fact, the economic situations nowadays require both help and support from both the husband and wife, that is, those who are married share bills on utilities. Just like those who are married, same sex couples need to support each other in difficult times, thus it becomes very necessary that they are legally bound as husband and wife. Therefore, it should be a clear message to those who are opposed to same sex marriage to understand their humanity (Coontz 978).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Same-Sex Couples Should Enter Into Legally Recognized Unions? specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Those who argue that same sex marriage leads to eroded family values are not in any way honest. Same sex marriage, just like man-woman marriage would encourage the couples to settle down and avoid having sex with other people. Therefore, gays and lesbians should be allowed to enter in legal relationships and settle down (Segura 190). As discussed above, morality and ethics should not be the basis of any relationship. Indeed, the most important thing in marriage is love that is constantly nurtured between the couples in a legalized union. Therefore, people who feel attracted to one another, and are in genuine relationship that is full of love and joy should be allowed to willingly express their love, and possibly get in a marriage union (Segura 192). The fact that gay and lesbian people are denied an opportunity to legalize their marriage means that a minority group of individuals are being discriminated, that is, contrary to the American foundation of respe ct for the rights of the minority. This is why crucial acts such as the anti-slavery act were put in place. Therefore, it is important to accord every individual his/her basic right (Mirriam 121). It is such a great deal a state like Massachusetts, by 2004 granted same sex marriage legal status (Segura 189). This means that the same sex couples file joint tax returns back to the state. Since this revenue goes towards funding the government budget expenditure it is not fair for the federal government to refuse to legalize same sex marriages. The bureaucracy that same sex couples have to go through is always not justified, it is a tedious, time consuming and discriminatory since the couples are required to fill many forms. These trends limit same sex marriages, and the federal government should take into account that all these groups of people are law abiding citizens who remit their taxes without fail. Therefore, the federal government might not have a valid reason to justify why it does not formalize the same sex marriages. Conclusion In fact, it is clear that the fate of the same sex couples is appalling; there is absolutely nothing to be admired. The couples undergo unfair treatment, even though they are law abiding citizens who remit their taxes to the government in time. Moreover, in the recent past, things have changed a great deal since what was considered â€Å"immoral† in the last century is never the same to date. This is because the same sex marriages were considered immoral in the past, but currently the society is slowly transforming to accept such changes. Therefore, the federal government of the United States should legalize the union of the same sex couples and allow them to conduct their lives like any other citizens.Advertising Looking for essay on gender studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Coontz, Stephanie. The World Historical Transformation of Marriage. New York, NY: National Council on Family RelationsNational Council on Family Relations, 2004. Print. Cott, N. Public Vows: A History of Marriage and the Nation. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2000. Print. Mirriam, Smith. The Politics of Same-Sex Marriage in Canada and the United States. Ontario: Broadview Press, 2005. Print. Segura, Gary, M. A Symposium on the Politics of Same-Sex Marriage: An Introduction and Commentary. New York, NY: American Political Association, 2005. Print.

Covalent or Molecular Compound Nomenclature

Covalent or Molecular Compound Nomenclature Molecular compounds or covalent compounds are those in which the elements share electrons via covalent bonds. The only type of molecular compound a chemistry student is expected to be able to name is a binary covalent compound. This is a covalent compound made up of only two different elements. Identifying Molecular Compounds Molecular compounds contain two or more nonmetals (not the ammonium ion). Usually, you can recognize a molecular compound because the first element in the compound name is a nonmetal. Some molecular compounds contain hydrogen, however, if you see a compound which starts with H, you can assume it is an acid and not a molecular compound. Compounds consisting only of carbon with hydrogen are called hydrocarbons. Hydrocarbons have their own special nomenclature, so they are treated differently from other molecular compounds. Writing Formulas for Covalent Compounds Certain rules apply to the way names of covalent compounds are written: The more electropositive element (further left on the periodic table) is listed before the more electronegative element (further right on the periodic table).The second element is given an -ide ending.Prefixes are used to denote how many atoms of each element are present in the compound. Prefixes and Molecular Compound Names Nonmetals may combine in a variety of ratios, so it is important that the name of a molecular compound indicates how many atoms of each type of element are present in the compound. This is accomplished using prefixes. If there is only one atom of the first element, no prefix is used. It is customary to prefix the name of one atom of the second element with mono-. For example, CO is named carbon monoxide rather than carbon oxide. Examples of Covalent Compound Names SO2 - sulfur dioxideSF6 - sulfur hexafluorideCCl4 - carbon tetrachlorideNI3 - nitrogen triiodide Writing the Formula from the Name You can write the formula for a covalent compound from its name by writing the symbols for the first and second element and translating the prefixes into subscripts. For example, xenon hexafluoride would be written XF6. It is common for students to  have trouble writing formulae from compounds names as  ionic compounds and  covalent compounds are often confused. You arent balancing charges of covalent compounds; if the compound does not contain a metal, dont try to balance this! Molecular Compound Prefixes Number Prefix 1 mono- 2 di- 3 tri- 4 tetra- 5 penta- 6 hexa- 7 hepta- 8 octa- 9 nona- 10 deca-

Zen Buddhism - The Land of the Disappearing Buddha Essay

Zen Buddhism - The Land of the Disappearing Buddha - Essay Example As such, this school of Buddhism favors ones direct comprehension through Zazen and the interaction of a believer with an accomplished teacher or spiritual guide. Some of the basic teachings of Zen include various sources of Mahayana thoughts, more so, the Yogyakarta, Huayan, and the Tathagatgarbha alongside an emphasis on issues such as totality, the Buddha-nature, and the Bodhisattva-ideal. Other influential elements in Zen Buddhism are the Madhyamika and the Prajnaparamita. Zen began to develop as a distinct school of Buddhism through the teachings of an Indian Sage, Bodhidharma, who taught at the Shaolin Monastery of China. Due to his efforts in popularizing the school of Buddhism, Bodhidharma is often referred to as the First Patriarch of Zen amongst many believers. Zen Buddhism is also subdivided further into three main sub-schools namely, Rinzai, Soto, and Sanbo Kyodan. Zen Buddhism is different form other traditional forms of the religion. However, the differences exist more in the form rather than the essence of each school of Buddhism. One of the most popular forms of traditional Buddhism in East Japan is Theravada. This type of Buddhism is founded on the initial principles of the religion that Buddha himself practiced. These include careful mediation while observing the rules of conduct, studying the canon of Buddhist scripture, the Vinaya, revering Buddha, and understanding the Sultras as well as its commentaries. For the adherents of this school of Buddhism, the religion is almost a monastic practice of the teachings of Buddha. Zen Buddhism is different from other schools such as the Theravada school because it does on play greater emphasis on scriptures and the Sultras. In fact, Zen Buddhists teach that the school is an intellectual practice that anyone can learn and practices as opposed to being a religion for the selected individual believ ers. In as much as Buddhism began in China, its movement across the continent into other co8ntries and

Blogs about Fashion designer's news and their brand Essay

Blogs about Fashion designer's news and their brand - Essay Example The paper "Blogs about Fashion designer's news and their brand" provides information about blogs in the fashion industry. The editor rightly observed that Lee McQueen could successfully integrate technology with that of the design and it was the differentiating factor which made him so successful in his regime. Lee, born in the year of 1970 at East End had his schooling Central State Martins. He had his professional training at Savile Row where he received the rare exposure of writing messages in the suits of The Prince of Wales. This talented designer had the great achievement of winning the prestigious award of ‘British Designer of the Year in 1997 (though jointly with John Galliano), 2001 and 2003. Lee, born in the year of 1970 at East End had his schooling Central State Martins. He had his professional training at Savile Row where he received the rare exposure of writing messages in the suits of The Prince of Wales. This talented designer had the great achievement of winnin g the prestigious award of ‘British Designer of the Year in 1997 (though jointly with John Galliano), 2001 and 2003. French designer Jean Paul Gaultier’s latest fashion campaign was a major hit. The cast for the campaign is highlighted which involves casting of plus-size model Crystal Renn for the campaign and as the face of the winter/autumn 2010-11. It is reported in The New York Magazine that Chinese model Ping Hue and Kelly Moreira are supposed to join the campaign with Crystal Renn. Also, it reports that Renn is to be part.

Difference Between Acclimation And Adaptation Biology Essay

Difference Between Acclimation And Adaptation Biology Essay Adaptation for an animal is any genetically heritable trait that allows an individual to reproduce and pass on its genes. Example (Camels adapting to be able to survive long periods of time without water in the desert) Acclimation for an animal is the process by which an animal gets used to a changing environment. Example (If a deer lives in a forest, and one year that forest experienced a colder, then the deal would have to acclimate get used to the cold or move to a different forest) 10/10 List 5 protein types and their roles (functions) in organisms. Antibodies defense Motor / Contractile Proteins provide help with movement Structural Proteins provide structure and support Hormones initiate chemical reactions Enzymes catalyze chemical reactions Transport Proteins Help transport substances across the membrane 10/10 List 3 significant differences between DNA and RNA. The secondary structure of DNA is a double helix, the secondary structure of RNA is a hairpin. In DNA the 4 bases are Thymine, Adenine, Cytosine, Guanine, in RNA the 4 bases are Uracil, Adenine, Guanine, Cytosine. The sugar in DNA is deoxyribose, the sugar in RNA is ribose 10/10 List 3 types of polysaccharides and their use in cells. Starch used to store energy in plants Glycogen used to store energy in animals Chitin used to provide structural support for the cell wall of bacteria, as well as the exoskeleton of crustaceans and insects Peptidoglycan used to provide structural support for the cell walls of bacteria Celluose used to provide structural support for the cell wall of plants 10/10 Give a detailed explanation of the two methods by which molecules move across lipid bylayers. Active Transport Active transport describes when a molecule uses energy to cross a lipid bilayer Passive Transport Passive transport describe the movement of molecules across a membrane that does not require energy or ATP 10/10 For each of the following, tell whether the component is an organelle and briefly describe its function. Ribosome not organelle (make proteins for amino acids are protein builders / synthesizers. Mitochondria organelle (produces ATP) Lysosome organelle (break up food, and other particles to make it easier for the body to digest the food or said particles Vacuole membrane bound organelle (digestion, and getting rid of waste) Nucleus organelle (stores genetic information) 10/10 Give examples of the diversification in animal development in the areas of feeding, movement and reproduction. Diversification in animal feeding = some animals like deposit feeders (sea cucumber, worms, etc) eat through the sediment that is around them to obtain their nutrition. Filter feeders (certain types of whales) filter through water in order to obtain tiny crustaceans like krill. Many types of insects use a proboscis to obtain food like nectar, Humans, and many other animals like dear, bears, lions, otters, snakes, some fish, etc. have the presence of a jaw which allows them to eat. Diversification in movement = some animals like worms move with the a hydrostatic skeleton. Many other animals use the presence of limbs like legs, fins, tails, wings and other appendages to move. Other animals like snakes make coiling actions with their spine to propel themselves forward. Diversification in reproduction = some animals reproduce asexually, some animals are able to reproduce by budding (sea stars), and other animals (humans, some fish, deer) reproduce sexually. 10/10 List the differences between protostomes and deuterostomes. Protosomes developed an anus first then a mouth Deuterostomes developed a mouth first then an anus 5/10 What are coeloms, pseudocoeloms and hemocoels? Coelom = A fluid filled cavity within the mesoderm Pseudoceoloms = An internal body cavity of some invertebrates. Homocoel = A cavity or space in most arthropods and mollusks between the organs where the blood or fluid flows through or bathes the organs. 10/10 What is a hydrostatic skeleton and how does it work? Give one example of a specimen with a hydrostatic skeleton. A hydrostatic skeleton is a skeleton that consists of fluid filled closed chambers, that generates movement as a result of muscle contractions. Examples worms 10/10 Describe the process of natural selection as postulated by Darwin. Darwins process of natural selection basically said that animals and species who dont have certain heritable traits or are unable to adapt to their surrounding will die out and species who have certain heritable traits or are able to adapt will live and produce offspring with those heritable traits. Natural selection doesnt affect the individual but the population. 7/10 Discuss the concept of behavior in which an animal sacrifices itself for the good of the species in the context of natural selection. (i.e. Does such behavior fit into Darwinian evolutionary models? Why or why not? Can you give or refute examples of it? Is this consistent with evolutionary models?) I think this question can be best answered with another question. Can animals (besides humans) feel emotion? Does another animal feel compassion towards other members of its herd enough so thats its willing to sacrifice its life? I believe the answer is yes. All mammals and most other animals have the natural tendency to protect their young and the young of the heard. For example in Africa when elephants are crossing the Serengeti and a young elephant is attacked by a lion or other predator, it is very common that many other members of the heard (not including his or her parents) will defend and in some cases die for that young elephant. We can also see this among dogs (whom I believe do have emotions for humans). In domesticated dogs there have been numerous incidents where the dog will defend their owners if they feel that their owner is threatened by another dog or what have you. This is because the dog feels the human as its own family or heard and would in some cases die for the greater good of his heard (human family). I personally dont believe that these examples dont fit into the Darwinian models, because theres no way to predict, or accurately count how many times an instance like this occurs. Darwinian evolutionary models show how animals adapt, die out, or reproduce depending on their surroundings. Sacrificing yourself for the greater good of your species / heard / family does not fit into that model. 12/15 List the differences between mitosis and meiosis. Meiosis = 2 cell divisions, chromosomes are halved, results in 4 haploid daughter cells, synapsis of homologs, different identical make up of chromosomes in daughter cell Mitosis = 1 cell division, chromosomes stay the same, results in 2 diploid daughter cells, no synapsis of homologs, identical make up of chromosomes in daughter cell 10/10 Asexual and sexual reproduction each have advantages and disadvantages. List one advantage and one disadvantage of each. The advantages of asexual reproduction are that it is more efficient than sexual reproduction. The disadvantages are that the offspring is going to have an identical genetic makeup which can possibly keep a bad gene in the in an offspring through generations of asexual reproduction The advantages of sexual reproduction are that with sexual reproduction you will get a variation on the genes with each offspring depending on the maternal and paternal genes. The disadvantage is that it far less efficient than asexual reproduction. In most cases of sexual reproduction you have to attract / get the consent of the opposite sex to mate via (songs, fighting over with other animals, displays, etc.) 10/10 Trisomy is the presence of an extra chromosome, while monosomy is the absence of a chromosome. Approximately 1 in 200 humans have a trisomic karyotype and about 1 in 5000 humans have a monosomic karyotype. What conclusions can you draw about the relative survivability of organisms with extra genes compared with those with missing genes? Explain why you think this would be so from an evolutionary prospective. From the number you have given me it would appear that the relative survivability of an organism with a monosomic karyotype is much lower than those with a trisomic karyotype. A monosomic karyotype is 50 times less likely to occur than trisomic karyotype, which causes me to believe that people with a monosomic karyotype would die out more quickly or be less able to reproduce, there for causing the gene to be less frequent in individuals. The fact that monosomic is becoming less frequent in individuals shows me that people are evolving to combat the issue, or the gene is dying / fading out. 15/15 The same genetic process is used to produce both sperm and egg cells, yet more than 90% of trisomies appear to be due to maternal errors. Give a hypothesis to explain why this might be so. How might one test this hypothesis? Its possible that there is a predisposition in all females that allow this error to occur. This could be similar to Tuner Syndrome where the end results are always sterile females. My guess is that the reason 90% of trisomies appear to be maternal errors is there is something in the female body or a slight different in the way something is produced that causes this error. However since 10% would appear to be a paternal error, the cause for the error in females must relate somehow the error in males. To test this hypothesis, I would run hundreds of tests in a laboratory to produce sperm and eggs and watch how each of them develop, exactly what goes into both of them, and see how they both develop under different conditions, and the exact conditions. From there I might be able to find the missing link to why this is happening. 15/15

Nurseâ€Patient Ratio in California

a) Nurse-Patient ratio is the relationship of the number of patients that should be served by one nurse at particular moment of time. It was a working formula that was proposal in 1992 by the California Nurses Association (CAN), which was to cater for quality service to patients by their nurses in the hospitals. After varied controversial arguments about the proposal regarding the overall implication to the economic costs of the ratio, different proposal from the concerned parties were arrived at where; the state government proposed ratio was 1:6 for all the medical or surgical units in the hospital.   However this ratio was to lower to 1:5 in a period of one and one-half year. The California Nurse Union (CNU) had a proposal of 1:3 for the medical units and 1:4 for the surgical units. The California Hospital Association (CHA) had proposed a ratio of 1:10 for both medical and surgical units. The nurse-patient ratio was enacted in October 1999.   However, the results of the actual proposed ratios were released on 2002.   The CNU and CHA ratio requirement were thought to be stable all through and each of them parties sought for its own ratio implementation.   However, the state proposal consisted a series of development where, they were to be implement at 1:6 and later reduced to 1:5 after 1 – 1  ½ year. (Slack, Slack,2001, p.107) b) History The nurse-patient ratio was firstly proposed by nurses in California in 1992 (Russell, 2004) However it was enacted as a law in 1999 but its enactment was to be followed by a period of its implement, which was to be until January 2002.   This implementation gave the California Hospital Association upto a deadline of January 2003 to hire the right number of nurses for their hospital as required by the government proposal of 1:5   ratio which the government had stated would lower from the ratio of 1:6 in a period of 1 – 1  ½ years. However, due to the complains, from the CHA, the proposal was only enacted into a law in January 2004, requiring the hospitals to implement on the 1:5 ratio by June 2004.  Ã‚   But following an emergency proposal by the director of department of Health Services – Sandra Sherry, the 1:5 ratio laws would only be instituted in January 2008.   (Russell 2004) c) Ideally, this proposal would highly support a positive nursing work environment.   Although the Californian Hospital Association argues that this would be too costly, but this would on be argumentable for the short run.   However, the cost would be reduced in the short run period of their business cycle.  Ã‚   Since higher ratios would ultimately help to improve the existing state of patient care.   Either, Lower ratios would consequently call for more nurse to join the career, whose turn over was very low. Through lowering the ratios, then the profession would be more interesting to the young learners who will be able to join it.   Also, it was made to call back those nurses who had left the profession due to unappealing ratio. To defend, their argument, they argued that, lower nurse-patient ratio was to lower the possible costs by hospitals to hire other nurses.   This is because of the possible economies that would be arrived at through the savings in greater patient care and faster service delivery.   Either, hospitals would reduce the hire of the nurses who were temporary registered, and whose cost was higher than that of permanently employed nurses.   (Coombs, 2004, p. 83) d) However, different controversies were between different parties aligned to this proposal.  Ã‚   Firstly, the California Nurse Association felt that, this was a good move, as it enhanced better patient care and ultimately economies to the owners of the medical centers in the long run.   They believed that, by using lower ratios, the result would be an attraction of more number of young and others who had left to the nursing profession.   Either, this worked to reduce cost by the hire of temporary registered persons. However, the California Hospital Association argued that this was impractical in terms of cost of implementation.   They argued that these would only work to favour the nurses at the expense of their business.   The state government thought that, the proposals of the nurses were viable but could only work under stages of implementation. It believed this proposal worked for the good of the people.   Also, the union for Service Employees International was also in the view that, this proposal worked to improve the amount of care given to patient hence it was important for its implementation. (Ponton, Carrion, 2001, p.48) e) The proposal would be highly recommendable for the general service delivery to the patients.   Either, it was important since it worked to improve the conditions of both the patients, nurses and hospital owners. f. (I) Yes, they work to ensure that, there were a lesser number of patients for service by one nurse.   This helped to reduce the amount of service by the nurses hence they could give a better attention to the patients.   However this did not keep the attention of any possible risk cases where the number of patients may increase indefinitely. ii) The government enacted that the ratio that would remain as 1:6 in January 2004, and reduce to 1:5 by June the same year.   However, in a petition that was passed to the court, by the direction of California Hospital Association this would only to be active in January 2008.   However, the ratio of 1:6 has not been followed in some health centers where nurse are made to serve a bigger number than this ratio.   Else where, there has been a positive adherence to this law in most of the hospitals. (David, Baustica, p. 66) References David, E. & Baustista, H. (2004) La Nueva California LATINOS IN THE GOLDEN STATE. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press. Ponton, M. & Carrion, J. (2001).   Neuropsychology and the Hispanic Patient: A clinical Handbook; Mahwah: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. Coombs, M. (2004) Power & Conflict between Doctors and Nurses.   Breaking Through the Inner Circle in Clinical Care. London : Routledge. Slack, N. & Slack, C. (2001) Cyber Medicine: How Computing Empowers Doctors and Patients For Better Cared Revised and Updated Edition. San. Francisco: Jossey – Bass. Russell, S. (2004).   State Moves to Freeze Nurse Patient Ratio.   Nov, 05, 2005

History of Women Inventors Who Filed Patents

Before the 1970s, the topic of women in history was largely missing from general public consciousness. To address this situation, the Education Task Force on the Status of Women initiated a Womens History Week celebration in 1978 and chose the week of March 8 to coincide with International Womens Day. In 1987, the National Womens History Project petitioned Congress to expand the celebration to the entire month of March. Since then, the National Womens History Month Resolution has been approved every year with bipartisan support in both the House and Senate. The First Woman to File an American Patent In 1809, Mary Dixon Kies received the first U. S. patent issued to a woman. Kies, a Connecticut native, invented a process for weaving straw with silk or thread. First Lady Dolley Madison praised her for boosting the nations hat industry. Unfortunately, the patent file was destroyed in the great Patent Office fire in 1836. Until about 1840, only 20 other patents were issued to women. The inventions related to apparel, tools, cook stoves, and fireplaces. Naval Inventions In 1845, Sarah Mather received a patent for the invention of a submarine telescope and lamp. This was a remarkable device that permitted sea-going vessels to survey the depths of the ocean. Martha Coston perfected then patented her deceased husbands idea for a pyrotechnic flare. Costons husband, a former naval scientist, died leaving behind only a rough sketch in a diary of plans for the flares. Martha developed the idea into an elaborate system of flares called Night Signals that allowed ships to communicate messages nocturnally. The U. S. Navy bought the patent rights to the flares. Costons flares served as the basis of a system of communication that helped to save lives and to win battles. Martha credited her late husband with the first patent for the flares, but in 1871 she received a patent for an improvement exclusively her own. Paper Bags Margaret Knight was born in 1838. She received her first patent at the age of 30, but inventing was always part of her life. Margaret or Mattie as she was called in her childhood, made sleds and kites for her brothers while growing up in Maine. When she was just 12 years old, she had an idea for a stop-motion device that could be used in textile mills to shut down machinery, preventing workers from being injured. Knight eventually received some 26 patents. Her machine that made flat-bottomed paper bags is still used to this very day! 1876 Philadelphia Centennial Exposition The 1876 Philadelphia Centennial Exposition was a World Fair-like event held to celebrate the amazing progress of the century-old United States of America. The leaders of early feminist and womens suffrage movements had to aggressively lobby for the inclusion of a womans department in the exposition. After some firm pressing, the Centennial Womens Executive Committee was established, and a separate Womans Pavilion erected. Scores of women inventors either with patents or with patents pending displayed their inventions. Among them was Mary Potts and her invention Mrs. Potts Cold Handle Sad Iron patented in 1870. Chicagos Columbian Exposition in 1893 also included a Womans Building. A unique safety elevator invented by multi-patent holder Harriet Tracy and a device for lifting and transporting invalids invented by Sarah Sands were among the many items featured at this event. Traditionally womens undergarments consisted of brutally tight corsets meant to shape womens waists into unnaturally small forms. Some suggested that the reason women seemed so fragile, expected to faint at any time, was because their corsets prohibited proper breathing. Enlightened womens groups throughout the nation resoundingly agreed that less restrictive underclothing was in order. Susan Taylor Converses one-piece flannel Emancipation Suit, patented August 3, 1875, eliminated the need for a suffocating corset and became an immediate success. A number of womens groups lobbied for Converse to give up the 25-cent royalty she received on each Emancipation Suit sold, an effort that she rejected. Linking the emancipation of women from constrictive undergarments to her own freedom to profit from her intellectual property, Converse responded: With all your zeal for womens rights, how could you even suggest that one woman like myself should give of her head and hand labor without fair compensation? Perhaps its a no-brainer that women inventors should turn their minds to making better the things that often concern women the most. The Ultimate Home The ultimate convenience invention must certainly be woman inventor Frances Gabe’s self-cleaning house. The house, a combination of some 68 time-, labor-, and space-saving mechanisms, makes the concept of housework obsolete. Each of the rooms in the termite-proof, cinder block constructed, the self-cleaning house is fitted with a 10-inch, ceiling-mounted cleaning/drying/heating/cooling device. The walls, ceilings, and floors of the house are covered with resin, a liquid that becomes water-proof when hardened. The furniture is made of a water-proof composition, and there are no dust-collecting carpets anywhere in the house. At the push of a sequence of buttons, jets of soapy water wash the entire room. Then, after a rinse, the blower dries up any remaining water that hasn’t run down the sloping floors into a waiting drain. The sink, shower, toilet, and bathtub all clean themselves. The bookshelves dust themselves while a drain in the fireplace carries away ashes. The clothes closet is also a washer/drier combination. The kitchen cabinet is also a dishwasher; simply pile in soiled dishes, and don’t bother taking them out until they are needed again. Not only is the house of practical appeal to overworked homeowners, but also to physically handicapped people and the elderly. Frances Gabe (or Frances G. Bateson) was born in 1915 and now resides comfortably in Newberg, Oregon in the prototype of her self-cleaning house. Gabe gained experience in housing design and construction at an early age from working with her architect father. She entered the Girl’s Polytechnic College in Portland, Oregon at age 14 finishing a four-year program in just two years. After World War II, Gabe with her electrical engineer husband started a building repairs business that she ran for more than 45 years. In addition to her building/inventing credits, Frances Gabe is also an accomplished artist, musician, and mother. Fashion Forward Fashion designer Gabriele Knecht realized something that clothes makers were neglecting in their clothing designs—that our arms come out of our sides in a slightly forward direction, and we work them in front of our bodies. Knecht’s patented Forward Sleeve design is based on this observation. It lets the arms move freely without shifting the whole garment and allows clothes to drape gracefully on the body. Knecht was born in Germany in 1938 and came to America when she was 10 years old. She studied fashion design, and in 1960, received a bachelor of fine arts degree from Washington University in St. Louis. Knecht also took courses in physics, cosmology, and other areas of science that may seem unrelated to the fashion industry. Her broadened knowledge, however, helped her understand shapes and methods of pattern design. In 10 years she filled 20 notebooks with sketches, analyzed all the angles that sleeves can take, and made 300 experimental patterns and garments. Although Knecht had been a successful designer for several New York companies, she felt she had more creative potential. Struggling to start her own business, Knecht met a buyer from Saks Fifth Avenue department store who liked Knecht’s designs. Soon she was creating them exclusively for the store, and they sold well. In 1984 Knecht received the first annual More Award for the best new designer of women’s fashions. Carol Wior is the woman inventor of the Slimsuit, a swimsuit guaranteed to take an inch or more off the waist or tummy and to look natural. The secret to a slimmer look in the inner lining that shapes the body in specific areas, hiding bulges and giving a smooth, firm appearance. The Slimsuit comes with a tape measure to prove the claim. Wior was already a successful designer when she envisioned the new swimsuit. While on vacation in Hawaii, she always seemed to be pulling and tugging on her swimsuit to try to get it to cover properly, all the while trying to hold in her stomach. She realized other women were just as uncomfortable and began to think of ways to make a better swimsuit. Two years and a hundred trail patterns later, Wior achieved the design she wanted. Wior began her designing career at only 22 years old in her parents garage in Arcadia, California. With $77 and three sewing machines bought at auction, she made classic, elegant but affordable dresses and delivered them to her customers in an old milk truck. Soon she was selling to major retail stores and was quickly building a multi-million dollar business. At age 23, she was one of the youngest fashion entrepreneurs in Los Angeles. Protecting the Children When Ann Moore was a Peace Corps volunteer, she observed mothers in French West Africa carrying their babies securely on their backs. She admired the bonding between the African mother and child and wanted the same closeness when she returned home and had her own baby. Moore and her mother designed a carrier for Moores daughter similar to those she saw in Togo. Ann Moore and her husband formed a company to make and market the carrier, called the Snugli (patented in 1969). Today babies all over the world are being carried close to their mothers and fathers. In 1912, the beautiful soprano opera singer and actress of the late 19th and early 20th centuries, Lillian Russell, patented a combination dresser-trunk built solidly enough to remain intact during travel and doubled as a portable dressing room. Silver Screen superstar Hedy Lamarr (Hedwig Kiesler Markey) with the help of composer George Antheil invented a secret communication system in an effort to help the allies defeat the Germans in World War II. The invention, patented in 1941, manipulated radio frequencies between transmission and reception to develop an unbreakable code so that top-secret messages could not be intercepted. Julie Newmar, a living Hollywood film and television legend, is a women inventor. The former Catwoman patented ultra-sheer, ultra-snug pantyhose. Known for her work in films such as Seven Brides for Seven Brothers and Slaves of Babylon, Newmar has also appeared recently in Fox Televisions Melrose Place and the hit feature-film To Wong Fu, Thanks for Everything, Love Julie Newmar. Ruffles, fluted collars, and pleats were very popular in Victorian-era clothing. Susan Knoxs fluting iron made pressing the embellishments easier. The trademark featured the inventors picture and appeared on each iron. Women have made many contributions to advance the fields of science and engineering. Nobel Prize Winner Katherine Blodgett (1898-1979) was a woman of many firsts. She was the first female scientist hired by General Electric’s Research Laboratory in Schenectady, New York (1917) as well as the first woman to earn a Ph.D. in Physics from Cambridge University (1926). Blodgett’s research on monomolecular coatings with Nobel Prize-winning Dr. Irving Langmuir led her to a revolutionary discovery. She discovered a way to apply the coatings layer by layer to glass and metal. The thin films, which naturally reduced glare on reflective surfaces, when layered to a certain thickness, would completely cancel out the reflection from the surface underneath. This resulted in the world’s first 100% transparent or invisible glass. Blodgett’s patented film and process (1938) has been used for many purposes including limiting distortion in eyeglasses, microscopes, telescopes, camera, and projector lenses. Programming Computers Grace Hopper (1906-1992) was one of the first programmers to transform large digital computers from oversized calculators into relatively intelligent machines capable of understanding human instructions. Hopper developed a common language with which computers could communicate called Common Business-Oriented Language or COBOL, now the most widely used computer business language in the world. In addition to many other firsts, Hopper was the first woman to graduate from Yale University with a Ph.D. in Mathematics, and in 1985, was the first woman ever to reach the rank of admiral in the US Navy. Hopper’s work was never patented; her contributions were made before computer software technology was even considered a patentable field. Invention of Kevlar Stephanie Louise Kwolek’s research with high-performance chemical compounds for the DuPont Company led to the development of a synthetic material called Kevlar which is five times stronger than the same weight of steel. Kevlar, patented by Kwolek in 1966, does not rust nor corrode and is extremely lightweight. Many police officers owe their lives to Stephanie Kwolek, for Kevlar is the material used in bulletproof vests. Other applications of the compound include underwater cables, brake linings, space vehicles, boats, parachutes, skis, and building materials. Kwolek was born in New Kensington, Pennsylvania in 1923. Upon graduating in 1946 from the Carnegie Institute of Technology (now Carnegie-Mellon University) with a bachelor’s degree, Kwolek went to work as a chemist at the DuPont Company. She would ultimately obtain 28 patents during her 40-year tenure as a research scientist. In 1995, Kwolek was inducted into the Hall of Fame. Inventors NASA Valerie Thomas received a patent in 1980 for inventing an illusion transmitter. This futuristic invention extends the idea of television, with its images located flatly behind a screen, to having three-dimensional projections appear as though they were right in your living room. Perhaps in the not-so-distant future, the illusion transmitter will be as popular as the TV is today. Thomas worked as a mathematical data analyst for NASA after receiving a degree in physics. She later served as project manager for the development of NASA’s image-processing system on Landsat, the first satellite to send images from outer space. In addition to having worked on several other high-profile NASA projects, Thomas continues to be an outspoken advocate for minority rights. Barbara Askins, a former teacher, and mother, who waited until after her two children entered school to complete her B. S. in chemistry followed by a Master’s degree in the same field, developed a totally new way of processing film. Askins was hired in 1975 by NASA to find a better way to develop astronomical and geological pictures taken by researchers. Until Askins’ discovery, these images, while containing valuable information, were hardly visible. In 1978 Askins patented a method of enhancing the pictures using radioactive materials. The process was so successful that its uses were expanded beyond NASA research to improvements in X-ray technology and in the restoration of old pictures. Barbara Askins was named National Inventor of the Year in 1978. Ellen Ochoa’s pre-doctoral work at Stanford University in electrical engineering led to the development of an optical system designed to detect imperfections in repeating patterns. This invention, patented in 1987, can be used for quality control in the manufacturing of various intricate parts. Dr. Ochoa later patented an optical system which can be used to robotically manufacture goods or in robotic guiding systems. In all Ellen Ochoa has received three patents, most recently in 1990. In addition to being a woman inventor, Dr. Ochoa is also a research scientist and astronaut for NASA who has logged hundreds of hours in space. Inventing Geobond Patricia Billings received a patent in 1997 for a fire resistant building material called Geobond. Billings’ work as a sculpture artist put her on a journey to find or develop a durable additive to prevent her painstaking plaster works from accidentally falling and shattering. After nearly two decades of basement experiments, the result of her efforts was a solution which when added to a mixture of gypsum and concrete, creates an amazingly fire resistant, indestructible plaster. Not only can Geobond add longevity to artistic works of plastic, but also it is steadily being embraced by the construction industry as an almost universal building material. Geobond is made with non-toxic ingredients which make it the ideal replacement for asbestos. Currently, Geobond is being sold in more than 20 markets worldwide, and Patricia Billings, great grandmother, artist, and woman inventor remains at the helm of her carefully constructed Kansas City-based empire. Women care and women care as inventors. Many female inventors have turned their skills on finding ways to save lives. Invention of Nystatin As researchers for the New York Department of Health, Elizabeth Lee Hazen and Rachel Brown combined their efforts to develop the anti-fungal antibiotic drug Nystatin. The drug, patented in 1957 was used to cure many disfiguring, disabling fungal infections as well as to balance the effect of many antibacterial drugs. In addition to human ailments, the drug has been used to treat such problems as Dutch Elms disease and to restore water-damaged artwork from the effects of mold. The two scientists donated the royalties from their invention, over $13 million dollars, to the nonprofit Research Corporation for the advancement of academic scientific study. Hazen and Brown were inducted into the National Inventors Hall of Fame in 1994. Fighting Disease Gertrude Elion patented the leukemia-fighting drug 6-mercaptopurine in 1954 and has made a number of significant contributions to the medical field. Dr. Elions research led to the development of Imuran, a drug that aids the body in accepting transplanted organs, and Zovirax, a drug used to fight herpes. Including 6-mercaptopurine, Elions name is attached to some 45 patents. In 1988 she was awarded the Nobel Prize in Medicine with George Hitchings and Sir James Black. In retirement, Dr. Elion, who was inducted into the Hall of Fame in 1991, continues to be an advocate for medical and scientific advancement. Stem Cell Research Ann Tsukamoto is co-patenter of a process to isolate the human stem cell; the patent for this process was awarded in 1991. Stem cells are located in bone marrow and serve as the foundation for the growth of red and white blood cells. Understanding how stem cells grow or how they might be artificially reproduced is vital to cancer research. Tsukamotos work has led to great advancements in comprehending the blood systems of cancer patients and may one day lead to a cure for the disease. She is currently directing further research in the areas of stem cell growth and cellular biology. Patient Comfort Betty Rozier and Lisa Vallino, a mother and daughter team, invented an intravenous catheter shield to make the use of IVs in hospitals safer and easier. The computer-mouse shaped, polyethylene shield covers the site on a patient where an intravenous needle has been inserted. The IV House prevents the needle from being accidentally dislodged and minimizes its exposure to patient tampering. Rozier and Vallino received their patent in 1993. After fighting breast cancer and undergoing a mastectomy in 1970, Ruth Handler, one of the creators of the Barbie Doll, surveyed the market for a suitable prosthetic breast. Disappointed in the options available, she set about designing a replacement breast that was more similar to a natural one. In 1975, Handler received a patent for Nearly Me, a prosthesis made of material close in weight and density to natural breasts.

How the HUD Anti-Flipping Rule Protects Homebuyers

In May 2003, the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) issued a federal regulation intended to protect potential homebuyers from potentially predatory lending practices associated with the process of flipping home mortgages insured by the Federal Housing Administration (FHA). Thanks to the rule, homebuyers can â€Å"feel confident that they are protected from unscrupulous practices,† said then-HUD Secretary Mel Martinez. â€Å"This final rule represents a major step in our efforts to eliminate predatory lending practices,† he said in a press release. In essence, â€Å"flipping† is a type of real estate investment strategy in which an investor buys houses or property with the sole intent of reselling them for a profit. The investor’s profit is generated through increased future sale prices that occur as a result of a rising housing market, renovations and capital improvements made to the property, or both. Investors who employ the flipping strategy risk financial losses due to price depreciation during declines in the housing market. Home flipping becomes an abusive practice when a property is resold for a large profit at an artificially inflated price immediately after being acquired by the seller with little or no appreciable improvements to the property.  According to HUD, the predatory lending happens when unsuspecting homebuyers either pay a price far higher than its fair market value or commit to a mortgage at unjustly inflated interest rates, closing costs or both. Not to Be Confused With Legal Flipping The term â€Å"flipping† in this instance should not be confused with the completely legal and ethical practice of buying a financially distressed or rundown home, making extensive â€Å"sweat equity† improvements in order to truly raise its fair market value, and then selling it for a profit. What the Rule Does Under HUD’s regulation, FR-4615 Prohibition of Property Flipping in HUDs Single Family Mortgage Insurance Programs,† recently flipped homes are not allowed to qualify for FHA mortgage insurance. In addition, it allows FHA to require persons attempting to sell flipped homes to provide additional documentation proving that the home’s appraised fair market value had truly increased significantly. In other words, prove that their profit from the sale is justified. Key Provisions of the Rule Sale by Owner of Record Only the owner of record may sell a home to an individual who will obtain FHA mortgage insurance for the loan; it may not involve any sale or assignment of the sales contract, a procedure often observed when the homebuyer is determined to have been a victim of predatory practices. Time Restrictions on Resales Resales occurring 90 days or less following acquisition will not be eligible for a mortgage to be insured by FHA. FHAs analysis disclosed that among the most egregious examples of predatory lending was on flips that occurred within a very brief time span, often within days. Thus, the quick flips will be eliminated.Resales occurring between 91 and 180 days will be eligible provided that the lender obtains an additional appraisal from an independent appraiser based on a resale percentage threshold established by FHA; this threshold would be relatively high so as to not adversely affect legitimate rehabilitation efforts but still deter unscrupulous sellers, lenders, and appraisers from attempting to flip properties and defraud homebuyers. Lenders may also prove that the increased value is the result of rehabilitation of the property.Resales occurring between 90 days and one year will be subject to a requirement that the lender obtains additional documentation to support the value to add ress circumstances or locations where HUD identifies property flipping as a problem. This authority would supersede the higher expected threshold established for the above-mentioned 90 to 180 day period and will be invoked when FHA determines that substantial abuse may be occurring in a particular locality. Exceptions to the Anti-Flipping Rule The FHA will allow waivers to the property flipping restrictions for: properties acquired by an employer or relocation agency in connection with the relocation of an employee;resales of foreclosed, bank-owned property by HUD under its real estate owned (REO) program;sales of property by other U.S. government agencies;sales of properties by nonprofit organizations approved by HUD to buy single-family properties at a discount with resale restrictions;sales of properties that are acquired by the seller by inheritance;sales of properties by state and federally-chartered financial institutions and Government-Sponsored Enterprises;sales of properties by local and state government agencies; andsales of properties within Presidentially Declared Major Disaster Areas (PDMDA), only upon issuance of a notice of an exception from HUD. The above restrictions do not apply to builders selling a newly built house or building a house for a borrower planning to use FHA-insured financing.